Improvement in cooling and producing ice



2 Sheets-Sheet 1L (LE. HAYNES. COOLING AND PRODUCING IGE.

No. 104,5.8 8. Patented June 21, 1870.

w r w 2 SheetsSheet .2 U. E. HAYNEfi COOLING AND PRODUCING IUE.

N0.104,588. 8 Patented June 21, 1870.

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CORNELIUS E. HAYNES, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

, Letters Patent No. 104,588, dated June 21, 1870.,

I IWPRO VIEW-[HIT]! I N COOLING;AND PRODUCING- ICE.

The Schedule-referred to'ln these Letters Patent and making m :i the same. I

The to 'ael ontthcse presentsshall come:

Be it lniownfthat.I,Oomrismns HAYNES, of

Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth i Figure}. is a perspective view of an apparatus ems simr mun Figuresg and 3 are vertical sections of the said apparatus.

The mm g..thesuhjecematterof this H I patent relates to means for producing low temperature by the evaporation, condensation, and ensuing liquefaction ofa volatile liquid.

This-invention consists, primarily, in the employment of an ammoniacal solution or other highly-volatile fluid, which is injected into agenerator and therein evaporated, the vapor resulting from such evaporation being, conducted, by itsown pressure, to and through-a multitubular tank or condenser, .or a Scipentine "coilplaced within suchtank, the latter being supplied with water at a proper temperature for effectinga rapid condensation andliquefaction of the vapor, by. which means the temperature of the is? sultingliqnid is reducedrto so low a point as tocause a corresponding reduction of the temperature of the various receivers or chambers to-which the continuation of the condensing coil is extended, the ultimate termination of such coil orits ramifications being a cistern for collecting the liquid, after it has completed the circuit of the apparatus, and hold it in readiness for supplying the'pump', to be again injected into the generator, 2. continuous circulation being thus carried ou' throughout the entire device.

the employment of an auxiliary cistern orreceiver, to be utilized in case of failure of the pri mary generator, as well as in the peculiar arrangement ot' a series of cooling-boxes or chambers,in combination with a delivery-bulb and acollecting-reservoir, as hereinafter explained.

In the drawing above mentioned as accompanying this specification, and which illustrates my inventihn- A denotes a multitubular vessel or generated, of any suitable construction, for vaporizing or evaporat ing avolatile-liquid, heat being applied directly to such generator from a--- furnace disposed below it, or from steam from a suitable source, admitted to ascrpentine or coiled pipe disposed within the generator, orfrom any suitableisource:

making part of this specification, and in with the pump-supply pipe 11.

{Details of the invention will-be found to cjxist in v The generator A is furnished with a surmounting ,doinc, B, and between the two a suitable screw, it, is

'placed, for preventing passage of any particles of dirt to the apparatus, as well as to prevent any amount of liquid being mixed with the vapor-by effervesccncc within the generator.

, The dome B is provided with a passage-gauge, 0, it being my purpose to'maintain a degree of pres-sure in such dome of about 250 Fahrenheit. l

' A suitable force-pump, D, is situated in close proximity to the generator A, and is connected with it by a pipe, (I, the said pump being connected by a feed pipe, I), with a cistern, E, disposed adjacent to it, this] tank being supplied with liquid, from a reservoir, 1*, which receives the condensed liquid of the apparatus, as hereinafter explained.

A primary or main reservoir is to be placed near the generator A, and is to be capable of containing a sufficient quantity of liquid to supply the apparatus for a great length of'time.

As this liquid diminishes very slowly under the op e'rat-ion of the apparatus, the last-mentioned rcscrvoi r peed not necessarily be of great size.

A portion of this pipc'for conducting liquid from the main reservoir'is shown at e, and such pipe is to be provided with a cock, d,in advance of its junction A second generator, G, is disposed'alongside of. the generator A, and is its counterpart in construction, though preferably of loss capacity, thdlome H of the latter generator communicating witlrthatofthe i'ormet by a conduit, I, provided with a cock, 0, for regulating communication between the two, the said gencrator'G also communicating directly with the sup-' ply pipe a by a pipe, h.

,{L'Inconvenient proximity to the two generators, A

and G, I place a reserve-tank, J, for receiving the re-.

frigerating liquid, in case of failure or accident to the said generators.

' K, in the accompanying drawing, represents a con- 'densing-tank, suitably applied alongside of the generator G, and in practice is to contain a body-of water, preferably in a stream.

" A coil.or nest, L, of pipes is placed within the tank K, and to which the dome of the generator G is connectcd by 'a pipe, M, such coils, after traversing the interior of the tank i'nseveral alternations, passing out of the lower portions of the same, and into and circulating about the interior of a second condensingtank, N, of smaller capacity than the first, this latter tank, though not a necessary adjunct of myapparatus, yet serving matcriallyto aid in its successful opcration. I

After coursing about the interior of the tank N, the coil or pipe L passes out of the upper part of such rided with a general delivery-bulb or vessel, I, from whence its liquid contents pass, by conduits, to various freezing or cooling-chambers.

In the accompanying drawing I have represented a tank for forming ice at Q, such tank being provided with a coil or nest, R, of pipes, which are fed by one or more pipes, It 7. 850., leading from the bulb P before mentioned, the outlets of such pipes communieating with a pipe, I, which, .in turn, communicates with a conduit, an, leading into the top of the reser voir O.

A series of pans, in a,'&c., is placed within the tank Q, and, when the ice is to be produced, is to I be filled with water, the pans being tapering or wedged shaped, in order that their contents of ice may be readily expelled therefrom.

S in the accomian 'in drawin re resents a second tank, similar in size to the tank Q, before mentioned, and, like it, provided with a coil or nest of pipes communicating with the conduit m, and, consequently, with the reservoir 0, by a pipe, 11. p

This latter-mentioned tank S may contain a closed box, T, through which a current of air'is caused to.

flow by suitable inlet and outlet-orifices q r.

This current of air, as it circulates through the box, gives up its heat, and is reduced to a low temperature by cold induced by the fluid passing throigh the coil within the tank S, and from the box T this cold air may be conducted to any locality, and employed for preserving provisions, or for any purpose where a low temperature is required.

U, in the accompanying drawing, denotes a third tank, similar in construction to and connected with the'conduit m, in manner as the tank S, except that in place of the closed box T a vessel may be employed for containing liquid, in order that such liquid may be kept in a cold state for drinking or other purposes.

This feature of the invention will be valuable in connection with distilleries, to refrigerate the distilled products of such establishments.

The conduit m is to be provided with a waterjapket, t, as shown in the drawing, for the purpose of condensing any portion of the vapor which should find its way tothis point, with other advantages which result to the successful working of the apparatus.

The-reservoir O is provided at bottom with 5 discharge-pipe, a, leading into the cistern E, for conveying into such cistern the liquid 'resultingfrom the condensation of the vapor under the action of the apparatus.

The reservoir 0 is also to be provided with a pressure-gauge, r, and a water-gauge, w, as shown in the accompanying drawing, and is further to be provide d with a small pipe, as, leading from its upper part, for the purpose of freeing its interior of atmospheric air which may have collected therein.

The pipes connecting the tanks Q, S, and U with the reservoir 0 are to be provided with suitable cocks, and the air-pipers is to be similarly provided. The pipes a, h, and u are also to be provided with cocks.

The above description embraces the mechanical coustrnction of an apparatus embodying mv invcn tion.

Its operation is as follows:

\Ve will suppose the pump-supply pipe 0 to be in open communication with the pump, and the cock of the pipe a open, and that of the pipe it closed, the

cock of the pipe M, which regulates communication between the two generators, being also closed.

The pump, being started, forces the proper volatile liquid from themain reservoir into the generator, until the latter is about two-thirds full, the pump being subsequent] y driven at such a rate of speed as will be necessary to compensate for the evaporation and cscape of the liquid within the generator.

Heat is next to be applied to the two generators in a suitable manner, which has the effect of evaporating or vaporizing the liquid in the first generator, and of throwing over the resulting vapor into the second genorator G, when the cock of the pipe M. is to be opened. The action of the second generator has the effect not only of completing a perfect evaporation of liquid vaporized in the first generator, but of producing a lighter vapor than can be accomplished by the employment of one generator.

From the second generator G the vapor passes, by pressure, to and through the coil L of the condenser .K, the latent heat of the vapor being given outin such condenser to the water contained therein, which, as before observed, is to be renewed sufficiently fast to keep it cool, the vapor, in partin heat, being, of course, liquefied.

The liquid resulting from the condensationof the vapor, as last explained, together with any portion of the vapor which may not have become liquefied by passing through the coil within the condenser, passes, by means of such coil or the pipe forming its pro longation, into the auxiliary condenser N and the receiver O, in manner as beforeexplained, and is discharged into the general receiving-bulb or vessel P.

From the said vessel 1 the cold liquid is to be allowed to enter any or all of the tanks Q, S, or U, in manner and for the purpose as before explained, and, after having performed its office with respect to them, flows through the conduit in and into the receiver 0, from whence it is discharged into the cistern E, iii.

readiness to be drawn from thence bythe pump and returned to the generator A,-the (liquid thus making the entire circuit of the apparatus.

It will be seen that, by the action of the pump, the liquid which has-passed through the apparatus, as explained, will reappearagain in the generator, and its withdrawal from and return to it become afterward self-regulated and continuous, without further addition, for a considerable length of time.

' When such addition becomes necessary, it is to be supplied from the main or primary reservoir before mentioned.

I would remarkthat, in starting the apparatus, the cock dof the pipe 0, which connects the pump with the main or primary liquid-holding reservoir, is to be allowed to remain open until the liquid. hasbeen drawn therefrom in sufficient quantity to make-the entire circuit of the apparatus, as before explained, when this cock is to be closed, and only opened to supply a sufficicnt quantity of liquid to compensate for the waste under the action of the apparatus, which, as before observed, is very small.

The eflicicncy of the above-describedapparatus, or those of a similar nature, depends upon the latent heat of the volatile liquid employed, and of the quantity of vapor formed per hour, since the more rapidly the vapor is formed the greater is the degree of cold produced.

The degree of cold that may be produced by the above apparatus, of course, depends partially upon the efficiency of the absorber or condenser 7;.

The arrangementof'pipes and the employment of a stream of water, as shown in my arrangement of such parts, perform the oflicc of condensing the vapor very efl ectivc'l y and rapidly.

The number andarrangement of the tanks Q, S, and U maybe varied to any extent that occasion or necessity dictates.

I .In practical use of the above-mentioned invention, I have found, owing to the volatile nature of the liquid g with itslatent employed and the great vaporizing and condensing capacifies of the apparatus, that I am enabled to conge'al water contained in the pansin the short space of one hour. In this 'respectlmy invention possesses great advantages over others in use.

Claims.

Having thus described the nature, construction, and operation of my invention,

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:-

companying drawing, as a safeguard or reserve in case of failure or accident to the said generator.

2. In an apparatus for artificially producing ice ,or

cold air, the employment of one or more generators as auxiliaries to the primary generator, for the purpose of obtaining a more perfect evaporation of the fluid to be vaporized, and also; for-preventing effervescence from the primary generator from passing into the condensing-tank of the apparatus.

3. In combination with the generators A or G, the employmentof the pump D, in connection with the tanks or receivers E and 1 or their equivalents, and the remainder of the apparatus, whereby not only a continuous circulation and evaporation of the fluid are obtained and maintained, but the necessary pressure throughout the apparatus is secured.

CORNELIUS E; HAYNES.

Witnesses FRED. CURTIS, EDWARD GRIFFITH. 

